c. Composition and Density of Population: In the subject matter of demography, the study of composition and density of population is important. Scope 4. Te organization of political institutions, social behaviour and the possibility of joint action is most dependent on the demographic size and development of societies. Demography has made a boundary wall around the following subjects. Micro demography is the narrow view of population studies. These health problems a… A science is a systematised body of knowledge ascertainable by observation and experimentation. 6. In this context, according to Hauser and Duncan, “Demography is the study of size, territorial distribution and composition of population, changes therein, and the components of such changes, which may be identified as natality, mortality, territorial movement (migration), and social mobility (change of status).”, According to Frank Lorimer, “In broad sense, demography includes both demographic analysis and population studies. It is a body of generalisations, principles, theories or laws which traces out a causal relation between cause and effect. In under-developed countries, almost all social and economic problems are associated with the growth of population. According to Thompson and Lewis, it should relate to fertility, mortality, information about female population, their health, marital status, distribution and classification of population according to occupation, and collection and study of information about social and economic condition, and migration of population. have expressed their thoughts on the subject of population. Faced with such problems which are the concomitant result of population growth, the state and non-government social organisations can adopt appropriate measures to solve them. Within a country, it also includes the study of distribution of population in rural and urban areas, fanning and non-farming communities, working classes, business communities, etc. Writers like William Peterson, Hauser and Duncan consider “Population Studies” and “Demography” to be different. PDF | On Jan 1, 2017, Chukwuedozie Ajaero and others published "The Nature and Scope of Population Geography" in Emenike, G.C. Macro-demography includes the study of systems, cultures and societies on a large scale. Demography can make predictions on the basis of cause and effect relationships. The scope of social demography has classified into two sections macro-demography and micro-demography. Based on population data, projections are made about the increase in labour force, and the number of people in the age-groups 1-15 years, 15-50 years and above in order to estimate the labour force available for productive employment. It is because every country has its own unique customs, specialities, social-economic conditions, cultural atmosphere, moral values, and different standards for acceptance of artificial means of family planning and availability of health facilities, etc. Now considered a necessity in the advertising industry, demographics helps businesses identify those consumers most likely to buy their products or services. Before studying whether demography is a science, it is essential to know what science is and to what extent the characteristics of science are applicable to demography. Its scope is further increasing by the use of computer techniques. Since antiquity a number of thinkers have expressed their views on the level of economic development and the size of population. density of population are very important. These theories have been tested on the basis of observation. INTRODUCTION Demography is the scientific study of characteristics and dynamics pertaining to the human population. The study of demography is of immense importance to an economy. A majority of writers take the macro view of population studies and include the qualitative aspects of demography. Therefore, the scope of demography should include both micro and macro aspects of population. As pointed out by Lorimer,”A demographer limited to the merely formal treatment of changes in fertility, mortality and mobility would be in a position like that of a formal chemist observing the compression of mercury with no information about associated changes in temperature or the constituent of the liquid.”. Other branches of study dealing with human population, viz., demography and population studies, were also undergoing parallel change. Due to high fertility rate, health problems are created both for mother and child. (b) How their numbers and proportions change? They are migration and urbanisation which lead to the coming up of shanty towns, pollution, drainage, water, electricity, transport, etc. The scope of demography is very wide. It studies small units like individual, family, groups etc. While the micro-demography including the individual and the family as a unit of the large society. We discuss them as under: The subject matter of demography has become very vast in recent years. The scope of social demography has classified into two sections macro-demography and micro-demography. Demographics is the analysis of the characteristics of populations and subsets of populations, such as age, race, and gender. A broad study of demography studies both qualitative and quantitative aspects of population.”, Thus, according to Donald J. Bougue, “Demography is a statistical and mathematical study of the size, composition, spatial distribution of human population, and of changes overtime in these aspects through the operation of the five processes of fertility, mortality, marriage, migration and social mobility. The government can undertake appropriate measures to control the growth of population and to accelerate the development of the economy. Prof. Bogue explains macro demography as “the mathematical and statistical study of the size, composition, and spatial distribution of human population and of changes over time in these aspects through the operations of the five processes of fertility, mortality, marriage, migration and social mobility. Sociology, Demography, Meaning of Demography, © 2017 SociologyDiscussion - All rights reserved Terms of Service Privacy Policy Contact Us. in cities. Written by one of the world’s leading demographers, this authoritative text offers a systematic and coherent overview of the fundamental ideas governing the study of present and future populations. The word Sociology is … The true scope of demography relates to whether it is a micro or macro study. The term demography has been defined both in a narrow and broad sense. They do not believe in dividing the study of demography into two separate micro and macro divisions. 4. Demography is the study of human population dynamics. Population studies highlight these problems of the economy to be solved by the government. It is a systematised body of knowledge in which facts are studied and analysed in a systematic manner. If population is increasing at a faster rate, the pace of development of the economy will be slow. Its long run goal is to develop theories to explain the events that it charts and compares.”. In it's most general meaning, a population is a set of people who live in a specific land area : a commune, a district, a country or a continent,etc. 3. While the former includes studies of systems, cultures and societies on a large scale, the later study the individual and the family as a unit of society. Aspects Related to Birth Rate and Death Rate: Birth rate and death rate are the decisive factors that influence the size and shape of the population and therefore their importance in population studies is crucial. Center broadens scope of demography. Demography is concerned with this essential ‘numbering of the people’ and with understanding population dynamics—how populations change in response to the interplay between fertility, mortality, and migration. It encompasses the study of the size, structure and distribution of populations, and how populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration, and aging. Data relating to the present trend in population growth help the planners in formulating policies for the economic plan of the country. All these factors affect the size and shape of the population and if these factors are studied with reference to any area under demography, we can clearly understand the role they play in determining the shape and size of the population. Its temporal scope is broad, as represented by research that explores demographic phenomena spanning the ages from past to present, and reaching toward the future. These require improvement of environmental sanitation, removal of stagnant and polluted water, slum clearance, better housing, efficient transport system, clean water supply, better sewerage facilities, control of communicable diseases, provision of medical and health services, especially in maternal and child welfare by opening health centres, opening of schools, etc. b. Although it maintains a continuous descriptive and comparative analysis of trends, in each of these processes and in its net result, its long run goal is to develop a body of theory to explain the events that it charts and compares. 2. (c) What political, social and economic causes bring changes in the distribution of population. 5. It can predict about changes in population. It includes policies for population control, and family planning strategies; reproductive health, maternal nutrition and child health policies; policies for human development of different social groups, etc., and the effects of such policies on the total population of the country. These are vexed questions about the scope of demography about which there is no unanimity among writers on demography. As pointed out by Bogue, “Micro demography is the study of the growth, distribution and redistribution of the population within community, state, economic area or other local area.” According to the micro view, demography is primarily concerned with quantative relations of demographic phenomena. Population change is a biological process. The scope of demography is very wide. High fertility is connected to the child development. Whether it is a science or art? 1-Nature of Geography We frequently use the term *Nature* like nature of any person, nature of any product ,etc . The Nature of Demography is a response to these enormous changes. However, most of the population studies are conducted in macro-demography. Why migrations take place and what are their effects? Demography is self-corrective in nature. The demographic scope of Black crises is broad, involving not only institutions of justice but also those of education, housing, banking, health care, … Demography lies at the crossroads of several other disciplines, including economics, sociology and epidemiology. Population studies include the following: (a) How people are distributed among and within continents, world regions and developed and underdeveloped countries? It is considered an important subject capable of throwing light on the nature of population education. Demography: It is the study of population and deals with the measurement and analysis of birth rate, death rate, migration rate, etc. Even though, the term “Population Studies” is more popular, the word ‘Demography’ is under wider use these days. It goes on revising its conclusions in the light of new facts based on observations. Contemporary demographic concerns include the “population explosion,” the interplay between population and economic development, the effects of birth control , urban congestion, illegal immigration, and labour force statistics. Obviously some definitions have adopted a narrow outlook on the subject while some have made its scope very wide. With the majority of developing countries facing population explosion, the study of population and its problems has become very important in every sphere of an economy. Rapid population growth reduces per capita income, lowers the standard of living, plunges the economy into mass unemployment and under employment, brings environmental damage and puts a burden on existing social infrastructure. During the time of Confucius, many Chinese and Greek writers, and following them Aristotle, Plato and Kautilya (around the year 300 B.C.) Along with these, problems of migration and urbanisation are associated with the growing population which further lead to the law and order problem. Thus demography is the science of people. Sociology is the youngest of all the Social Sciences. Nature is the basic or inherent feature of something, especially when seen as a characteristics of it. Formal demography limits its object of study to the measurement of population processes, while the broader field of social demography or population studies also analyses the relationships between economic, social, cultural, and biological processes influencing a population. Definitions of Demography 3. It includes the subject matter of demography, is it a micro or macro study? While ‘demography’ is just as important for social developments as ‘economy’, Further, it is on the basis of male and female voters in an area that the election commission establishes election booths for voters and appoints the election staff. Population policy is an important subject of demography especially in the context of developing countries. It is expanded to include education, income, the structure of the family unit, housing, race or ethnicity, and religion. Writers like Bogue, Lorimer and others favour a balanced view of population studies. In most of the developing countries, married women are facing pregnancies problem due to malnutrition. Key Takeaways: Demographics in Advertising After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Historical demography is the quantitative study of human population in the past. Population studies help us to know how far the growth rate of the economy is keeping pace with the growth rate of population. The analyses derived from demographic studies rely upon a specialized set of models and methods, including population composition studies, life table analysis, simulation and mathematical models, survival analysis and ratios. In the middle of the nineteenth century in 1855, the word ‘Demography’ was first used by a French writer Achille Guillard. Problems like slum areas, polluted air and water, crime, addiction to liquor, juvenile delinquency, and prostitution, are also important subjects of study in demography. Among others, Hauser and Duncan include the study of fertility, mortality, distribution, migration, etc. The Avian Demography Unit has extended the scope of its operations with several new projects focused on bird population studies. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Thus on all counts, demography is a science. SCOPE OF DEMOGRAPHY • Demography is the science of population. The addition to the number of voters after each election helps to find out how many have migrated from other places and regions of the country. With this type of information regarding the possibilities of development in that particular area, social-economic problems of the area, problems created due to increase in urban population, and density of population form part of population studies. It studies size, composition and distribution of population, and long run changes in them. According to Hauser and Duncan (1959), ‘Demography is the study of the size, territorial distri­bution and composition of population, changes therein, and the composition of such changes which may be identified as natality, mortality, territorial movements and social mobility (change of status)’. In fact, it has become an applied science and applied technology.”. Whether it is a science or art? 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