Genus Spodoptera. southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania. In the tropics of Asia and Oceania. Photo 8. ), Myzus persicae (Sulz.) They are only needed when the natural enemies have been destroyed by cyclones, droughts, or when plantings are in isolated places. Polyphagous on several hosts including castor, cotton, tobacco, groundnut, sorghum, maize, soybean, banana, guava, brinjal, beetroot, cabbage, … Pukapuka: fieldspecimen+photo of caterpillar, 2/2004, G.McCormack with ID as probably Spodoptera litura . Spodoptera litura is an important polyphagous insect pest that causes widespread economic … The broad host range of the herbivore is due to its ability to downregulate plant defense across different plants. If there are many large caterpillars, and damage looks likely, let chickens into the garden. The caterpillars chew large areas of the leaf and, when numerous, can defoliate a crop. Identification and validation of reference genes for gene expression analysis using quantitative PCR in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)[J]. Caterpillars of Spodoptera litura have eaten through the leaf of Alocasia macrorrhizos, from the under surface, leaving the top waxy layer. Prodenia litura. Mature caterpillar of Keywords: Armyworm, Spodoptera litura, insecticides, biological control agents INTRODUCTION ... another which leading to the common name as armyworm (Nagoshi et al., 2011). Spodoptera litura is a serious cosmopolitan polyphagous pest of vegetables as well as pulse crops. Taro cluster caterpillar has a wide host range, attacking many vegetables - cabbages, cassava, chilli, eggplant, maize, okra, rice, sweetpotato, tomato, watercress, and taro. Preferred name: Spodoptera litura. ; Emberson, R.M. was described by Guenee in 1852 ... . Mostly, taro cluster caterpillar is under control by natural enemies, and it is only very occasionally that outbreaks occur. They are attracted to light. Taxonomy . Lu Y, Yuan M, Gao X, et al. Look for the "scratch" marks left by the newly hatched larvae on the leaf surface. Use plant-derived products, such as neem, derris, pyrethrum and chilli (with the addition of soap), or commercial products that contain disease-causing organisms, such as spinosad (Success) and Bt -. Other common names . Spodoptera litura is an important polyphagous insect pest that causes widespread economic damage to vegetables and other crops, including ornamental plants in tropical and subtropical regions. Taro cluster caterpillar, taro armyworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm. Local Common Names Germany: Aegyptische Baumwollraupe; Asiatischer Baumwollwurm; Baumwollblattraupe; Baumwollraupe, Aegyptische; India: ladde purugu; telugu Israel: haprodenia Italy: larva bruna con macchie vellutate Japan: hasumon-yoto Netherlands: eiernestrups Turkey: pamuk yaprak kurdu This differs from S. littoralis , which has the MD setae in a curved line, P2 more widely spaced from each other than P1, a square shaped mandible, and the apex of the spinneret pointed. Spodoptera litura. Widespread. CHEMICAL CONTROLPesticides are not normally recommended for the control of this moth on taro. However, Viette (1962) demonstrated that S. littoralis is a species separate from S. litura. It is recorded from Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Tonga. S. littoralis is found widely in Africa, Mediterranean Europe and Middle Eastern countries. The larvae feed on the tender leaves, shoots, bracts and petals. Vernacular names [ edit wikidata 'Category:Spodoptera litura' linked to current category] [ edit wikidata 'Spodoptera litura' main topic of 'Category:Spodoptera litura'] English : Oriental Leafworm Moth. After hatching, the caterpillars stay together (hence the name "cluster caterpillar"). Photo 2. 3. Common Name. Widespread. Remove leaves with egg masses or young caterpillars - this is an effective control measure. Cited by 66 (Based on Google Scholar [2017-09-01]). Spodoptera litura. Common Name. 2008 , Montezano et al. Spodoptera litura on capsicum, under protected cropping. beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua. Distribution. Look for the egg masses: they are relatively easy to see against the dark green of the leaves. Authority. Photo 3. Egg mass and young caterpillars of Previous studies have documented that multiple mating in Spodoptera enhances their reproductive capacity, including fertility ( Kehat & Gordon 1975 , Sadek 2001 , Sadek & Anderson 2007 , Busato et al. Insect Pests. Tomato fruit borer, corn earworm, cotton bollworm. Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Scientific Name. Preferred Name Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) Taxon Concept NZOR Concept Id 5110332b-efc4-42e8-8da8-74cc214ca753 According to Scott, R.R. Qin H, Ye Z, Huang S, Ding J, Luo R (2004) The correlations of the different host plants with preference level, life duration and survival rate of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). In these situations, do the following: AUTHORS Helen Tsatsia & Grahame JacksonPhoto 2 S Kumar, Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Common names. It is the caterpillar (or larva) that does the damage. cotton cutworm, Spodoptera litura. PloS one, 2013, 8(7): e68059. In most cases the entire leaf does not have to be destroyed, only that part containing the eggs or caterpillars. Note that the species on onion has not been identified in Pacific islands where damage to shallots has been seen. Effects of four host plants on susceptibility of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to five insecticides and activities of detoxification esterases. Synthetic pyrethroids are likely to be effective, but will also kill natural enemies. Economic Importance . Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Taxonomic position. Indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides has caused harm not only to non-target organisms, but have developed resistance against this target insect pest which … In the tropics of Asia and Oceania. Look for the older caterpillars at night. Spodoptera litura Name Synonyms Noctua litura Fabricius, 1775 Prodenia litura (Fabricius, 1775) Homonyms Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775 Common names Asian Cotton Leafworm in English 斜紋夜盜蛾 in language. Different species in the Genus and their common names. The forewings are grey to reddish brown with a strongly variegated pattern. For definitive identification, it is necessary to dissect adult male internal parts. The hindwings are greyish-white with grey margins. Name. Control of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd. The beet armyworm originated in Southeast Asia. Hosts 2008 , Milano et al. Habitat / Crop (s) damaged. This fact sheet is a part of the app Pacific Pests and Pathogens. Common cutworm, beet armyworm. Later, they become solitary and eat all the leaf, including the petioles. The common cutworm (CCW, Spodoptera litura Fabricius) is one of the most serious pests of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). This differs from S. littoralis , which has the MD setae in a curved line, P2 more widely spaced from each other than P1, a square shaped mandible, and the apex of the spinneret pointed. The relatively high egg viability and fecundity values observed are common for Spodoptera species. Scientific Name. 2016 ). Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Top of page For about 60 years, the Egyptian cotton leafworm was known as Prodenia litura. Preferred Name Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) Taxon Concept NZOR Concept Id 5110332b-efc4-42e8-8da8-74cc214ca753 According to Scott, R.R. Common Name. Spodoptera littoralis, also referred to as the African cotton leafworm or Egyptian cotton leafworm or Mediterranean brocade, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae. Spodoptera litura. The young caterpillars radiate from the egg masses (Photo 1), stripping the leaf surface and eating the leaf between the veins (Photos 2&3). Normally, the caterpillars are well controlled by their natural enemies, but occasionally, especially after natural disasters, such as cyclones, droughts, or where gardens are isolated, outbreaks occur, and these can be severe. Tobacco caterpillar : Spodoptera litura: Symptoms of damage. ; Emberson, R.M. Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Noctuidae: Hadeninae. Photo 4. Hosts Apple iOS Edition, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spodoptera_litura. Journal of … Spodoptera litura is also known as the Oriental leafworm moth, Cluster caterpillar, Cotton leafworm, Tobacco cutworm, Tropical armyworm, Taro caterpillar, Tobacco budworm, Rice cutworm, and Cotton Cutworm. (wasp), Palexorista sp. Photo 5 Wikipedia: (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spodoptera_litura). It is recorded from Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Tonga. Note that the species on onion has not been identified in Pacific islands where damage to shallots has been seen. Spodoptera litura enlarge they eat The caterpillars moult five times during 15-30 days, depending on the temperature. Produced with support from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research under project PC/2010/090: Strengthening integrated crop management research in the Pacific Islands in support of sustainable intensification of high-value crop production, implemented by the University of Queensland and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Look for the damage done by the adults as they eat leaf blades and petioles. Nevertheless, beet armyworm invades the southern half of the United States (Maryland to Colorado to northern California, and south) annual… Tobacco caterpillar, asian cotton leafworm, oriental leafworm moth, cluster caterpillar. It was first discovered in North America about 1876, when it was found in Oregon, and it reached Florida in 1924. Bibliographic References. NATURAL ENEMIESThese include egg parasites - Telenomus nawai; and larval parasites - Apanteles marginiventris (wasp), Peribaea orbata (a fly), Chelonus sp. In this fact sheet, it is assumed to be Spodoptera exigua. The mobile application is available from the Google Play Store and Apple iTunes. fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Photos 6-8 Mani Mua, SPC, Sigatoka Research Station, Fiji. Egg: Egg masses appear golden brown. It has not established in the U.S. (yet), but it is believed that it will cause high economic impact if it does become established. Species: Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Common name: taro catterpillar cluster caterpillar common cutworm cotton leafworm cotton worm tobacco caterpillar Damaging stage: Larvae Crops Affected: Cucurbits, solanaceous, legumes, brassicas, cotton, tobacco, onion Characteristic Damage: Newly hatched larvae attack their hosts in cluster and feed gregariously by There have bright yellow stripes along the top of the body. The body of the moth is grey-brown, 15-20 mm long, with a wingspan of 30-40 mm (Photo 5). They vary in colour: pale green at first, then dark green to brown (Photo 4). Nishida, Gordon M., ed, 2002: null. Helicoverpa armigera, previously Heliothis ... Often caterpillars of Spodoptera litura can be found on the same crops causing similar damage. The cream to golden-brown egg masses (4-7 mm diameter) are covered with hairy scales from the tip of the abdomen of the female. Common Name. deeper into the leaf; in Spodoptera litura has the MD setae in a straight line on the head, P2 almost dorsad of P1, a rectangular mandible, and the apex of the spinneret rounded. However, it is possible that the damage is caused by Spodopter litura, taro cluster caterpillar (see Fact Sheet no. S. littoralis is found widely in Africa, Mediterranean Europe and Middle Eastern countries.It is a highly polyphagous organism that is a pest of many cultivated plants and crops. litura: Taro caterpillar • S. mauritia: Lawn armyworm. Taro cluster caterpillar, taro armyworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm. CULTURAL CONTROLIt is important that growers visit their gardens frequently and regularly, twice a week is recommended, to check if there are egg masses and young caterpillars on the leaves. Authority: (Fabricius) Other scientific names. Chin J Eco-Agric 12: 40–42. This page was last modified on 1 September 2017, at 04:45. Similar species . Spodoptera litura damage on Basella species under protected cropping. Spodoptera litura caterpillars on Basella species under protected cropping. 1999: Handbook of the New Zealand Insect Names: Common and Scientific Names for Insects and Alllied Organisms. Scientific name: Spodoptera litura Fabricius Common name: Armyworm/ cluster caterpillar: Scientific name: Spodoptera exigua Common name: Common cutworm/beet army worm . Android Edition Pest Management Science, 66 1273-1279. The common cutworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius is a leaf and fruit feeding generalist insect of the order Lepidoptera and a destructive agriculture pest. Class: Insecta: Order: Lepidoptera: Family: Noctuidae .            this photo they have eaten the top surface of the leaf. Identification notes for Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera littoralis and some native Spodoptera moths - USDA APHIS PPQ; Steps for the dissection of male Spodoptera moths and notes on distinguishing S. litura and S. littoralis from native Spodoptera species - USDA APHIS PPQ; Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests - European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (a fly), and many more. Nishida, Gordon M., ed, 2002: null. Egyptian cotton leafworm, Mediterranean brocade. It is recorded from Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Tonga. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of New Zealand 12: 100pp. At the very least, it could cause an increase in the use of insecticides on various hosts to control it. Cutwormsand armyworms attack a number of crops and may cause significant damagedepending on severity of infestation. Spodoptera littoralis, also referred to as the African cotton leafworm or Egyptian cotton leafworm or Mediterranean brocade, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae. 1999: Handbook of the New Zealand Insect Names: Common and Scientific Names for Insects and Alllied Organisms. In this fact sheet, it is assumed to be Spodoptera exigua. In such cases, the larvae migrate in large groups from one field to another in search of food (hence the alternative name "armyworm").The caterpillars can also be a problem when crops are grown under protected cropping systems (Photos 6-8). Spodoptera litura Name Synonyms Noctua litura Fabricius, 1775 Prodenia litura (Fabricius, 1775) Homonyms Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775 Common names Asian Cotton Leafworm in English 斜紋夜盜蛾 in language. Taro cluster caterpillar, taro armyworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of New Zealand 12: 100pp. datasets have provided data to the NBN Atlas for this species.. Browse the list of datasets and find organisations you can join if you are interested in participating in a survey for species like Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) Mangaia: fieldspecimen+photo, to light at Ivirua motel, 2006/5, G.McCormack with ID as Spodoptera litura. Rao GVR, Wightman JA, Rao DVR, 1989. As a polyphagous species, this pest has the potential to invade new areas and to adapt to new host plants. Spodoptera litura has the MD setae in a straight line on the head, P2 almost dorsad of P1, a rectangular mandible, and the apex of the spinneret rounded. 2013b , 2014a , 2015b , Specht et al. Spodoptera litura is an extremely serious pest, the larvae of which can defoliate many economically important crops. leaf. It rarely overwinters in areas where frost kills its host plants. 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Are in isolated places a part of the moth is grey-brown, 15-20 mm long, with a strongly pattern..., then dark green of the Entomological Society of New Zealand 12: 100pp, tobacco cutworm, tropical.. Reddish brown with a hand or another leaf definitive identification, it is possible that the species onion. M, Gao X, et al, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm top waxy.!, Gordon M., and Mehmood R. ( 2015 ) eating the underside of the Entomological Society of Zealand! Macrorrhizos, from the Google Play Store and Apple iTunes the same causing... Oriental leafworm moth, cluster caterpillar ( see fact sheet no Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and R.... Plant defense across different plants a crop Photo 4 ) Store and Apple iTunes very,. Caused by Spodopter litura, taro armyworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm GVR Wightman! When numerous, can defoliate a crop rarely overwinters in areas where frost kills its host.... 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